Starting
The starting system on the vehicle comprises a 12 volt starter motor which drives the engine to start the combustion process. The starter converts electrical energy into mechanical power. The vehicle electrical system must be capable of supplying sufficient power to enable the engine to be cranked.
Charging
The charging system comprises a battery and an alternator. The battery must be of a sufficient capacity to operate the starter motor and operate various electrical systems in the vehicle. The alternator charges the battery when the engine is running and increases its output as demand on the battery increases.
The instrument pack incorporates a charge warning lamp which illuminates when there is no output or a low output from the alternator.
Operation
Power Distribution
Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to fusible link 1 and fusible link 5 of the under bonnet fuse box (C0632) on an N wire. The battery (C0192) also provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0823) on an R wire.
Fusible link 1 (C0622) provides a constant battery feed to the glow plug relay (C0215) on an N wire. Fusible link 5 (C0570) provides a constant battery feed to the starter relay (C0151) and the ignition switch (C1043 on LHD, C0028 on RHD) on NW wires. When the ignition switch is turned to the 'ignition' position, current flows across the switch (C1732 on LHD, C0094 on RHD) to fuse 12 and fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a W wire. Fuse 12 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the alternator (C0226) on a WG wire. Fuse 15 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp located in the instrument pack (C0233) on a WG wire.
Starting
Glow Plug Relay
The energised main relay (C0063) provides a feed to the glow plug relay (C0215) on an NO wire. The earth path for the glow plug relay coil (C0215) is controlled by the Engine Control Module (ECM) (C0158) on a GU wire. The ECM provides an earth path for the relay coil to control both pre and post heat. Pre-heat is determined by battery voltage and engine coolant temperature. Post heat is determined solely by engine coolant temperature.
The energised glow plug relay (C0215) provides a feed to the following on a YB then B wires:
- Glow plug number 1 (C0476)
- Glow plug number 2 (C0477)
- Glow plug number 3 (C0478)
- Glow plug number 4 (C0479).
NOTE: Cylinder number 5 does not have a glow plug.
Glow Plug Warning Lamp
Operation of the glow plug warning lamp is controlled by the ECM. The ECM (C0658) provides a feed to the glow plug warning lamp (C0233) on a BY wire. The lamp (C0230) is earthed on a B wire.
Starter Relay
When the ignition switch is turned to the 'crank' position, current flows across the switch (C1731 on LHD, C0090 on RHD) to the starter relay coil (C0151) on a WR wire. The earth path for the starter relay coil (C0151) is controlled by the anti-theft alarm ECU (C1980 on LHD, C0057 on RHD) on a BO wire.
The energised starter relay (C0151) provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0179) on an NR wire. A battery feed is now able to flow across the starter motor solenoid switch contacts to power the starter motor.
Charging
Alternator
Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to the alternator (C0183) via the starter motor (C0178) on an R then N wire.
When the engine is started, the magnetised rotor within the stator windings generate 3 phase alternating current (ac) and voltage that rises rapidly with rotor speed. The field diodes in the rectifier pack convert the ac current into direct current (dc). Output current from the field diodes supplements the initial current flowing through the field windings. This causes an increase in the magnetic influence of the rotor, resulting in self-exitation of the alternator. The field current increases with rotor speed and thus increases the generated current and voltage until the alternator is fully excited. The alternator (C0183) charges the battery (C0192) via the starter motor by providing current on an N then R wire.
Ignition/No Charge Warning Lamp
Fuse 13 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp (C0233) on a WG wire. The earth path for the warning lamp (C0233) is controlled by the alternator (C0226) on an NY wire. When the alternator outputs a voltage equal to that supplied by the battery, the warning lamp is extinguished as the potential difference across the lamp is 0 volts.