Starting
The starting system on the vehicle comprises a 12 volt starter motor which drives the engine to start the combustion process. The starter converts electrical energy into mechanical power. The vehicle electrical system must be capable of supplying sufficient power to enable the engine to be cranked.
Charging
The charging system comprises a battery and an alternator. The battery must be of a sufficient capacity to operate the starter motor and operate various electrical systems in the vehicle. The alternator charges the battery when the engine is running and increases its output as demand on the battery increases. The instrument pack incorporates a charge warning lamp which illuminates when there is no output or a low output from the alternator.
Operation
Power Distribution
Feed from the positive battery terminal (C0192) is supplied to fusible link 1 and fusible link 5 of the under seat fuse box (C0632) on an N wire. The battery (C0192) also provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0823) on an R wire.
Fusible link 1 (C0622) provides a constant battery feed to the glow plug ECU (C0190) on an N wire. Fusible link 5 (C0570) provides a constant battery feed to the starter relay (C0151) and the ignition switch (C1043 on LHD, C0028 on RHD) on NW wires. When the ignition switch is turned to the 'ignition' position, current flows across the switch (C1732 on LHD, C0094 on RHD) to fuse 14 and fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) on a W wire. Fuse 14 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the glow plug ECU (C0190) on an LGP then GY wire. Fuse 15 (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp located in the instrument pack (C0233) on a WG wire.
Starting
Glow Plug ECU
When the glow plug ECU (C0190) receives an ignition feed via fuse 14 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580), it provides a feed to the following:
- Glow plug number 4 (C1039) on a YB wire
- Glow plug number 3 (C0478) on a YB wire
- Glow plug number 2 (C0477) on a YB wire
- Glow plug number 1 (C0476) on a YB wire
- The glow plug warning lamp (C0233) on a BY wire.
The glow plugs are connected in parallel, and are all earthed via their fixings. The glow plug ECU (C0190) is earthed on a B wire.
After a pre-determined time (or if the ignition switch is turned to the crank position) the glow plug ECU withdraws the feeds to the glow plugs. For more information, refer to the Starter Relay description later in this section.
Glow Plug Warning Lamp
The glow plug warning lamp (C0233) is located in the instrument pack, and is provided a feed by the glow plug ECU (C0190) on a BY wire when the ignition switch is turned to the 'ignition' position. The glow plug warning lamp (C0230) is earthed on a B wire. After a pre-determined time (or if the ignition switch is turned to the crank position) the glow plug ECU withdraws the feed, extinguishing the warning lamp.
Starter Relay
When the ignition switch is turned to the 'crank' position, current flows across the switch (C1731 on LHD, C0090 on RHD) to the starter relay coil (C0151) on a WR wire. The earth path for the starter relay coil (C0151) is controlled as follows:
- On vehicles with an anti-theft alarm system, the earth path is controlled by the anti-theft alarm ECU (C1980 on LHD, C0057 on RHD) on a BO wire. For more information, refer to the Anti-theft Alarm and Central Door Locking (CDL) section of this manual.
- On vehicles without an anti-theft alarm system fitted, the earth path is direct to earth on a B wire.
The energised starter relay (C0151) provides a feed to the immobilisation ECU (C0059) on an NR then B wire. If the vehicle has been successfully re-mobilised, the immobilisation ECU (C0059) provides a feed to the starter motor solenoid (C0179) on a B wire, and the glow plug ECU (C0190) on a B then NR wire. When the glow plug ECU receives the feed from the immobilisation ECU, it immediately cuts the feed to the glow plugs and the glow plug warning lamp.
The feed supplied by the immobilisation ECU energises the starter motor solenoid. The energised starter motor solenoid allows a battery feed to power the starter motor on an R wire.
Charging
Alternator
The battery (C0192) provides a permanent feed to the alternator (C0183) via the starter motor (C0178) on an R then N wire.
When the engine is started, the magnetised rotor within the stator windings generate 3 phase alternating current (ac) and voltage that rises rapidly with rotor speed. The field diodes in the rectifier pack convert the ac current into direct current (dc). Output current from the field diodes supplements the initial current flowing through the field windings. This causes an increase in the magnetic influence of the rotor, resulting in self-exitation of the alternator. The field current increases with rotor speed and thus increases the generated current and voltage until the alternator is fully excited. The alternator (C0183) charges the battery (C0192) by providing current on an N then R wire.
Ignition/No Charge Warning Lamp
Fuse 15 of the passenger compartment fuse box (C0580) provides an ignition feed to the ignition/no charge warning lamp (C0233) on a WG wire. The earth path for the warning lamp (C0233) is controlled by the alternator (C0185) on an NY wire. When the alternator outputs a voltage equal to that supplied by the battery, the warning lamp is extinguished as the potential difference across the lamp is 0 volts.